But constraints such as shareholder guidelines can make board directors lower the pay offered to chief executives, research shows.

Its methodology came under fire, with some critics also pointing out it was wrong to focus on the business case for investing in women.

BlackRock highlights gender diversity benefits; FRC publishes advice on ‘materiality mindsets’; WEF hears that growth takes many forms.

Executives get ESG pay-outs despite ‘inadequate progress’ on carbon emissions, London Business School research suggests.

We asked key figures what would help boards this year. The answers ranged from ‘smarter blockchain tech’ to ‘a cool head over executive pay’.

The issues boards face are rarely straightforward, and ESG is no exception. It is time to drop the absolutist approach.

There is unstoppable momentum behind linking executive pay to ESG targets. That’s not all good news.

TUC and corporate governance bodies join together in plea for new regulators overseeing governance.