The traditionally low representation of women in management positions is due to the so-called "glass ceiling", an invisible cultural barrier that prevents the best educated women from holding positions of responsibility in companies. Equal opportunities, both in social and economic terms, is a fundamental human right. Furthermore, the systematic exclusion of women, who represent half of society, leads to sub-optimal management bodies in companies. A primary objective of the European Union is to achieve equality between men and women in all areas, including decision-making and representation on company boards. In this regard, some governments have enacted mandatory or voluntary laws to promote gender equality, while others have only given