Equality pays: the economic and social benefits of women on boards
The economic, social and environmental benefits derived from greater gender equality on boards are numerous—and increasingly important to investors.

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The traditionally low representation of women in management positions is due to the so-called "glass ceiling", an invisible cultural barrier that prevents the best educated women from holding positions of responsibility in companies. Equal opportunities, both in social and economic terms, is a fundamental human right. Furthermore, the systematic exclusion of women, who represent half of society, leads to sub-optimal management bodies in companies.
A primary objective of the European Union is to achieve equality between men and women in all areas, including decision-making and representation on company boards. In this regard, some governments have enacted mandatory or voluntary laws to promote gender equality, while others have only given